|
The Palestinian Declaration of Independence is a statement written by the Palestinian poet Mahmoud Darwish and proclaimed by Yasser Arafat on 15 November 1988. It had previously〔Dan Cohn-Sherbok,(''The Palestinian State: A Jewish Justification,'' ) Impress Books, 2012 p.105.〕 been adopted by the Palestinian National Council, the legislative body of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), by a vote of 253 in favour 46 against and 10 abstentions. It was read at the closing session of the 19th Palestinian National Council to a standing ovation.〔Sayigh, 1999, p. 624.〕 Upon completing the reading of the declaration, Arafat, as Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization assumed the title of "President of Palestine."〔Silverburg, 2002, p. 198.〕 On 28 October 1974, the 1974 Arab League summit held in Rabat designated the PLO as the "sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people and reaffirmed their right to establish an independent state of urgency."〔Madiha Rashid al Madfai, ''Jordan, the United States and the Middle East Peace Process, 1974-1991'', Cambridge Middle East Library, Cambridge University Press (1993). ISBN 0-521-41523-3. p 21.〕 Legal justification for the declaration was based on United Nations General Assembly Resolution 181 (II) of 29 November 1947, which provided for the termination and partition of the British Mandate into two states. Despite the proclamation of the State of Palestine, at the time the Palestine Liberation Organization did not exercise control over any territory,〔Berchovitch and Zartman, 2008, (p. 43 ).〕 and designated Jerusalem as the capital of Palestine,〔Baroud in Page, 2004, p. 161.〕 which was under Israeli control and claimed by it as Israel's capital. The PLO was hence a government in exile between 1988 and 1994. The PLO began to exersize a limited rule in the Areas A and B of the West Bank and Gaza Strip as a consequence of the 1993 Oslo Accords, under the umbrella of the Palestinian National Authority. In 2012, Palestine was upgraded to the status of non-member observer state in the UN and since 2013 Palestine gained UN recognition as State of Palestine. ==Significance== The declaration concerns the Palestine region, as defined by the British Mandate of Palestine, which includes the whole of Israel as well as the West Bank and the Gaza strip. It references the United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine of 1947 and "UN resolutions since 1947" in general as providing legitimacy to Palestinian statehood. The Partition Plan also served as the basis for Israel's declaration of independence, and was not accepted by the Palestinian Arab leadership at the time. The 1988 declaration does not explicitly recognize the State of Israel. However, an accompanying document〔(Political Statement accompanying the Palestinian Declaration of Independence )〕 that explicitly mentions UN Security Council Resolution 242, and Yasser Arafat's statements in Geneva a month later〔(Yasser Arafat, Speech at UN General Assembly )〕 were accepted by the United States as sufficient to interpret the declaration as recognizing Israel in its pre-1967 boundaries. The declaration's reference to Palestine being the "land of the three monotheistic faiths" has been held as recognising the Jewish historical connection to the land, instead of arguing that Jews are colonists and foreigners in the land. Referring to "the historical injustice inflicted on the Palestinian Arab people resulting in their dispersion and depriving them of their right to self-determination," the declaration recalled the Treaty of Lausanne (1923) and UN General Assembly Resolution 181 as supporting the rights of Palestinians and Palestine. The declaration then proclaims a "State of Palestine on our Palestinian territory with its capital Jerusalem".〔Silverburg, 2002, p. 42.〕〔 The borders of the state are not specified. The population of the state was referred to by the statement: "The State of Palestine is the state of Palestinians wherever they may be". The state was defined as an Arab country by the statement: "The State of Palestine is an Arab state, an integral and indivisible part of the Arab nation". 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Palestinian Declaration of Independence」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|